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- 6 SheetsSheet I.

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Patented Jan. 9, 1894.-

6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 9, I894.

J. S. COPELAND TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

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J.-S. COPELAND. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

s Sheets -Sheet a.

(No Model.)

Patented Jan. 9, 1894.

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- J. S. COPELAND.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

6 Sheets-Sheet 5,

Patented Jan. 9, 1894.

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I 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. J. S. COPELAND. TY PE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 512,365. Patented Jan; 9, 1894.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES S. COPELAND, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE POPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF PORTLAND, MAINE, AND BOSTON, MASSA- CI-IIISETTS.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.512,365, dated January 9, 1894.

A li ati filed May 14, 1892. Serial No. {$32,051. (No model.)

To wZZ whom it may concern: compensating mechanism, so that the pull or Be it known that I, JAMES S. COPELAND, a force operating upon the carriage is practicitizen of the United States, residing at I-Iartcally the same when the carriage has nearly ford, Hartford county, Connecticut, have inreturned to its left hand or unwound posi- 55 vented certain new and useful Improvements tion, as it is when pulled to the extreme in Type-VVriting Machines, of which the folright or wound up position. By this conlowing is a specification. trivance I secure a more evenly and more My present invention is in the nature ofimeasily working carriage and a more efficient provements upon the type-writing machine and less noisy working of the parts, as well 6c 10 heretofore described and shown by me in my as a more compact and out of the way arapplication, Serial No. 224,221, filed January rangement of the escapement devices. In- 13,1887, and patented June 7,1S92,No.476,251; stead of operating the ribbon movements and in the form in which I have embodied through the escapement mechanism I operthem in the machine which I shall presently ate them directlyfrom the key levers through 6 5 describe and which is illustrated in the drawa ribbon movement bar located across them ings accompanying this application there are and in the ribbon vibrating mechanism Iobcertain parts and combinations which are tain a different movement so that the ribbon substantially the same as were shown in my is moved backward more than upward,with a prior application, and which I shall necessabetter disposition of the ribbon and with less 2o rily here describe, but do not claim herein; tendency to slacken it on the spools. While my intention being to claim herein only such I use a variable space bar as in the former features as are original with me and are not machine, I have also added a secondary Vashown or described in my prior application. riable space bar or stop regulating bar and a In this machine, as in that, I use a bank of variable positive stop mechanism for the esz 5 finger keys and a series of key levers and of capement. I have also embodied in this mathrusts and oftype bars, each bearing two chine a difierent and improved joint for the types; and I use an oscillating segmental type bar, and other improvements in respect shifting'rnechanism controlled by a shifting to adjustable bell trip mechanism, paper finkey at the side of the machine; and I use a ger, carriage stop, line spacing devices, &c.;

o reciprocating cylindrical platen moving upon and the nature and extent of my improveways centrally located across the machine ments will be better apparent from the foland holding the platen between the keys and lowing more detailed description and from the type bars; and I operate the types to move the drawings, in which the same reference from the rear forward and downward to a lettersindicate thesame-partsiu all theviews,

35 printing point on the top of the platen; and and the connected parts are represented by I use a'ribbon and spools and feeding devices, similar letters with different exponents as located above and in the rear of the platen, much as practicable. and a ribbon vibrating mechanism which In the drawings-Figure 1, shows in front brings the ribbon forward at the moment of elevation one type bar at rest, the ribbon 0.

40 type impression and removes it backward mechanism, the carriage drawn considerably immediately after the impression is made; toward the right, the carriage ways, escapeand I use a rack and pinion connected bement mechanism and other parts, some of the tween the carriage and the escapement, the lower parts being shown in verticaltransverse rack and escapement being located beneath section on a line x.9c of Fig.2. Fig. 2, shows 5 theplaten, as in my former machine, and the a middle longitudinal vertical section of the carriage being connected with a powerspring; same machine. Fig. 3, shows in perspective but in my present machine,instead ofapower one of the pillars of the frame and a ribbon spring in scroll form inclosed in a drum conspool and certain other details of the mechnected with the escapement ratchet, I use a anism enlarged, and Fig. 4, shows in horizontoo 50 spiral spring operating the carriage through tal section on the line yy of Fig. 2, my ima lever and cord and constructed with a proved type bar joint. Fig. 5, shows in top plan the base part of the frame with the main spring, carriage lever and other parts. Fig. 6, shows in top plan enlarged, parts of the platen, carriage, way rods, bell mechanism,&c. Fig. 7, shows in end elevation the right hand end of the platen and carriage with the platen lever and other parts enlarged. Fig. 8, shows in vertical transverse section and in vertical longitudinal section, the middle part of a key lever with its fulcrum piece and fulcrum rod'. Fig. 9, shows enlarged in perspective, portions of the key levers, fulcrum rods and the ribbon moving bar and secondary space bar and other connections. Fig. 10, shows in elevation enlarged the escapement mechanism, and Fig. 11, shows in Vertical section on the line zz of Fig. 10, and looking toward the right a portion of the secondary space mechanism enlarged.

The base part of the frame I make of cast iron, having the sides, A, A, and the ends A, A.

A is a main beam, its ends resting on the sides A, A, where it is secured by screws or otherwise.

A is an arc beam located in the rear of the main beam and serving as a base to which the supports of the type bar brackets are secured.

A ,A' are the carriage arms secured to the sidepieces of the frame at the bottom, and as I prefer to make them, curved outward, upward, backward, forward and downward, as shown, to allow the free movement of the carriage.

A A are main pillars rising above the are beam to afiord points of attachment for the ribbon spools and for the arc rest A.

' A A are way rods for the carriage, with their ends secured in the carriage arms A A A is a fulcrum lug for the carriage lever, andA", is a main spring lug, both connected with the front end base of the frame.

A, is an escapenient lug projecting from the main beam, and A is a ratchet lug in which is held the escapement stud, on which are the ratchet wheel and pinion L L.

A, is a stop lug on the front side of the main beam at the opposite side of the ratchet wheel from the ratchet lug.

A A are guide bars extending across the base of the frame, with vertical slots in which the key levers freely play and by which the key levers are steadied and guided in position, A, being on the front side of the f ulcra and A, being in the rear.

A A are fulcrum rods extending about midway across the base of the frame a little way apart, on which the key levers are hinged or fulcrumed, as will be explained hereinafter.

A", (Figs. 2 and 5,) and A, (Fig. 6) are rocker lugs supporting the ends of a rock shaft R (Fig. 1 just below the main beam at the left side) in the type shifting mechanism.

A, (Figs. 5 and 10) is a catch lug, which may be attached by screws to or be made a part of the escapenient stop lug A.

B, is a cylindrical platen on a metallic shaft B, having at the right hand end a ratchet disk B secured to it, and in the teeth of which disk a spring catch B secured at one end by a screw 19 to the carriage, operates to hold the platen from turning backward and to steady it from jarring forward.

0, O, are carriage end pieces, connected by the carriage bars, 0 C and on the bar C is a carriage lug 0", running on the front way rod A and on the bar 0 are two carriage lugs 0 0 running on the lower rear way rod A and these lugs are so placed on the carriage as to allow it a free movement on the way rods for a sufficient distance, either to the left or to the right, to accommodate the width of paper desired.

C, is a rack bar attached to the lower carriage bar 0 having rack teeth on its lower edge.

O is an idle presser roll journaled in the carriage ends and resting against the platen throughout its length to assist the platen in drawing the paper, which passes between the platen and the presser roll, and the presser roll may either be left to its own weight for pressure, or, as I prefer, may have the light wire springs 0 0 one at either carriage end, for giving a slight additional pressure to the pressure roll.

C C are paper fingers or guides constructed of thin strips of sheet metal secured at one end to the carriage bar, 0 and passing backward and partly about the platen at either end, and C is a shorter paper guide orfinger constructed and attached in a similar way at or near the middle of the carriage bar 0 and C is a nearly fiat paper guide or apron also secured to and extending along the top of the carriage bar.

D, is a movable or adjustable paper finger secured by a small thumb screw d, to the upper front carriage bar 0 near its right hand end and extending in a thin narrow strip d, backward over the top of the platen to serve as a guide on the right hand margin of the paper when narrower paper is used, and which finger D, may be moved along the platen toward the left to rest upon paper of any width, and in connection with the other paper guides referred to, complete the paper holding mechanlsm. Y

E, is a scale attached at either end to the carriage end pieces and extending along the front side of the platen.

F, is apointer, freely supported on a pointer rod F, and held at either end in the carriage arms A A, and this pointer F, extends backward to and just over the scale E. It has a small set screw f, in the front side, and a spring latch F on the upper side held by a small screw f pivotally with its outer free end f bent to form a groove on the under side and to press upon the rod F. When the screw f, is loose the pointer is loose and the latch F swung off from the rod F. The pointer is adjustable to any position along the rod and may be brought exactly opposite the printing point or the point to which all the types are brought for impression. The latch may then be swung and sprung upon the rod and the set screwf, tightened to secure it in place.

G, is the paper or sheet upon which writing is to be made which is inserted right side top edge first immediately under the presser roll and upon the platen, and in operation is passed over on top of the platen under the paper fingers downward on the back side and forward again on the inside between the platen and the paper, the space between the carriage and escapement and the key board being a free pocket for the paper, and I prefer to place a sheet metal cover along above the key levers from one side of the frame to the other and curved upward just back of the keys, and just forward of the escapement to form an additional guide and receptacle for the paper. As this, however, is no necessary part of the working mechanism described I have not shown it in the drawings.

H, is a movable or adjustable bell trip clamp attached to the front upper carriage bar 0?, having a 'small set screw h, to secure it in position and an arm of sheet-metal H, extending to the left and an incline or cam H pivoted thereon, and this incline H is so arranged that as the carriage moves toward the leftit will reach and impinge against the bell trip I, pressing it so as to strike the bell, but when the carriage'is pulled to the right the cam H yields on its pivot h and passes the trip without action.

I is a bell wire coiled about a-stud I, in

the left hand carriage arm A the end I, serving as a trip, the arm I being extended backward and. terminating in a hammer I 1 is a small bell fixed beneath the hammer to the carriage arm.

K, is a platen lever at the right hand end i of the carriage, pivoted on a stud k, in the carriage end piece 0. This platen lever has an arm extending toward the front of the machine, of convenient length and shape for a handle, and a shorter arm K, like the short arm of abell crank lever extending downward from the pivot is, and carrying a stud I0 and also a pivoted click K balanced so as to keep in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet disk B when the arm of the platen lever K, is raised, and thus to turn the disk and the platen with it through part of a revolution, and when the lever K, is allowed to trip, the click K rides over one or more teeth of the ratchet disk so as to engage with another tooth. The extent of movement upward of the platen lever K, is limited by the adjustable platen stop K pivoted by the screw pin it to the carriage end and extending forward and upward terminating in the finger piece and having the notches It, 70 k; as this platen stop K is swung upward or downward so as to present either of the notches 70 W, it to the impingement of the stud 70 the platen may be caused to turn through an arc of one, two or three teeth respectively, with each upward movement'of the platen lever K, and thus making a varied space between the lines printed on the paper. This platen lever K, serves also another purpose, namely, that of a handle for pulling the carriage from the left to the right, and thus the two movements of drawing the carriage and of turning the platen may be combined.

0 is an adjustable stop or clamp on the upper front way rod A at or near the right hand end, capable of being set in, any position by means of the small thumb screw G and the object of it is by using it as a stop to the carriage lug O, to stop or limit the motion of the carriage in drawing it out to the right.

L, is an escapement stud held in the ratchet lug A about the center of the machine, and L, is a rack pinion mounted on the stud L, freely and engaging with the rack bar 0 and L is an escapement ratchet wheel also freely mounted on the stud L, and either formed integrallywith or fixed to revolve with the pinion L. In front of this ratchet wheel and also mounted freely on the stud L, is a pawl carrying bar L extending to the right to and under the stop A which prevents its swinging upward any farther. On this bar L is freely pivoted a pawl L the lower end of which engages with the teeth on the ratchet wheel L while the small wire spring I secured at one end of the pawl carrier L and resting at or near the other end against the pawl, tends to keep the pawl in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel. The upper end of the pawl L is forked and curved with an incline to receive the trip pin m, on the back side of and near the end M, of the escapement trip bar, M, M. This escapement trip bar is mounted freely at its middle part set into the stud L, from the front to secure this trip bar and other parts in position. When the end of the trip bar M, is depressed, the trip pin m, engages with the pawl L and throws it out of engagement with the ratchet wheel L When the end M, of the trip bar isdepressed it rests against the escapement lug A, as a stop; but at the same time that the end M, is depressed, the end M, is raised, allowing the brace M to rise and the holding pawl M to engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheel L The holding pawl M is pivoted at m to the lug A and the bent wire spring M tends to press the pawl M into engagement with the ratchet wheel, as soon as the end M, of the trip bar is raised.

M is a coiled wire spring held at one end in the washer M on the screw M at the other end pressing upon the arm M, of the trip bar, and tending with the force of the spring to press the end M, of the trip bar toward and against the stop A.

N, is a main spring of spiral wire aboutthe IIO power arm N. This power arm slides freely at or near one end in the main spring lug A, and at the other end is pivoted at N, near one end of the lever N and serves not only to guide the spring but to direct the application of the power communicated to it by the spring upon the lever N and also by its direction and by its connected devices (nuts N N to regulate the amount of power applied to the lever N Near this pivoted end of the power arm is a screw thread and a nut or two nuts, as N N one of which N may operate as a setnut and the nut N as an adjusting nut. The spiral spring N, rests at one end against the main spring lug A", and at the other end against the nut N the tension of the spring being increased but turning up the nut N along the power arm toward the spring.

N is a carriage lever pivoted at one end N, to the fulcrum lug A and extending along toward the rear of the machine beneath the space bar and fulcrum rods and isconnected bya cord N passing under and upon the guide pulley N and over the guide pulley N, on the main beam A to the carriage bar lug O whereit is secured as shown in Fig. 2, and this cord is of such length that when the carriage is in itsextreme left hand position and the cord end of the lever N is swung by the force of the main spring over nearly to the right hand side of the machine, the cord will be taut; then when the carriage is drawn to the right hand side of the machine the cord end of the carriage lever is drawn by the cord nearly to the left hand side of the machine against the force of the main spring. The arrangement of the main spring and power arm and the lever N, and its fulcra' N is such that the pivot N, where the power of the spring is applied to. the lever passing through an arc of a circle about N the power of the spring is applied with a shorter leverage whenthe spring is at its highest tension, and with a longer leverage when the spring is at its least tension, and thus a compensation is made by which the pull through the cord on the carriage is the same practically in whatever position the carriage is. compensatory construction enables a spring to be used of less tension, and therefore gives the carriage an easier movement in drawing it to the right, and also gives both to the carriage and to the escapement mechanism a gentler, evener and less noisy action.

0, is a space key, which I make of considerable width and length on the front of the machine and attach at either end to a space lever 0. These space levers O, O, extend toward the rear of the machine across the space bar 0 and between the teeth of the guide bar A, and are fulcrumed on a fulcrum rod A The space bar 0 is suspended by the arms 0 0 which are connected by the brace or idle bar 0, and are hinged at O O to the side pieces A, A, of the frame near the front end. Along the front side of this space This bar O ,are teeth orlamina of sheet metal 0,0, which are bent some upward and some downward so as to present a higher or lower point of contact with each key lever or space lever as it is depressed, and so as to depress the space bar 0 through a greater or less are, according as more or less space for the letters printed or spaces made on the line written on the paper require.

To the space bar 0 is secured an escapement pull or rigid arm 0 extending to a point beneath the trip ,bar M, and having at o", a link 0 pivoted to it and connecting it with the trip bar M, at the pivot 0", and the operation of this escapementpull in connection with the space bar 0 is such that as the space bar 0 is depressed the link 0', isdepressed andpulls along with it the trip bar M, engaging the trip pin m,in the pawl L ,disengaging the pawl from the ratchet wheel L and at the same time raising the endM', releasing the brace M, and allowing the holding pawl M to engage with and hold the ratchet wheel L The extent to which the trip barM, is thus pulled down is primarily limited by the motion of the space bar 0 P and Q are type keys, and represent a full series of which the others are omitted in the drawings. Each key operates two types, the characters of which'are indicated on the keys, as shown in Fig. 5. The key P, is connected by a stem P, with the key lever P passing over the space bar 0 through the guide bar A, and through the guide bars A and A to the rear end of the machine, and it is pivoted or fulcrumed at P upon the fulcrum rod A At the rear end this key lever is con nected by the thrust P, to the shorter end of the type bar P, which is mounted by a hinge P, upon the bracket S, and which carries on its longer end the two type characters 19, p, the character 1, being shown as brought to the printing point on the ribbon and paper and platen, by the depression of key P, in Fig. 2. In like manner the key Q, is connected by the stem Q, with the key lever Q also fulcrumed at Q upon a fulcrum rod A and connected at its rear end by a thrust Q with the shorter end of a type bar Q hinged at Q, upon a bracket S and bearing at its longer end two type characters q, q, and in Fig. 2, the key Q, is shown undepressed and the type bar Q, in its position of rest upward against the arc rest A, which extends substantially in the arc of a circle from one pillar A, to the other and which forms a rest for the whole series of type bars when not operated. I form the connection between these key levers as P and the fulcrum rods as A ,in a novel manner. I bend astrip of sheet metal as P, up into U form as shown in Fig. 8, place it on the middle part of the key lever P and secure it there. In the ends of this fulcrum P are holes for the guide red A, on which the fulcrum P, has a' free bearing. Each key.

and space lever in a series is arranged in line in position or substantially so, and the guide IIO secured in the frame.

rod 1s inserted by putting one end through each fulcrum piece in succession and is then In this way I get a very steady fulcrum bearing for each lever, and a very slmple construction, and am able to strike out the levers in great numbers alike from sheet metal, and to place the fulcrum pleces on where they are required.

In F1g.4 is shown in detail upon the line y-y of Fig. my improved type bar joint. In making this type bar'I prefer to strike it out of sheet metal and double over a piece as Q and in the bracket as S I place a coneended trunnion as S spring the conebearing in the oint Q 1n place upon the ends of the trunnion, and hold and adjust the bearing together by means of a screw Q passing through one side of the joint and threaded into the other side, which gives a simple and easy bearlng, readily adjustable for wear or in assembling, and a more steady joint to the bar, which when properly adjusted prevents all side wabbling.

R, is a shifting key near the front left hand corner of the frame, connected by a stem R, with the shifting lever R which is fulcrumed at v, on one side of the frame and pivoted to a link or thrust R A bent wire spring W, at-

tached at one end to the frame or a connection with it, and resting at the other end upon the back end of the lever R tends to bring itdown and hold it in normal position. The l1nk thrust R is also pivoted to a bent rock arm R connected with a rock shaft R which is journaled at one end in the lug A on the left hand side of the frame just below and in the rear of the main beam, and at the other end 1n the rocker lug A", attached to the main beam. On this rock shaft R is a stop not shown in the drawings, and which may be dispensed with, playing against the rear side of the main beam and limiting the downward motion of the rear end of the shifting lever, R and R is a screw or adjustable stop in the main beam limiting the upward motion of the arm R and hence alsothe forward position v of the supports S.

R is another rock arm connected with the rock shaft R at one end, and at the other end 1s joined to the trunnion link R", which by the trunnion R engages with the swinging h1nged supports S, S, S, of the type bar brackets S' S &c. These hinged supports S, S, S, are hlnged to studs S S secured in the arc beam A To the rock arm R is rigidly connected an extension R shown in section in Fig. 2, which extends a little way to the right and connects by an arm end similar to that of R with another trunnion link as R", not shown in the drawings, but exactly like R and connected with a group of hinged bracket supports exactly like S, S, S, to hold the rest of the series of type bar brackets, Now the operation of th1s shifting mechanism is such, that when the shifting key R, is depressed, the rock arm R ,is raised and the other rock arm R is depressed and thereby the segment support S, is drawn forward, carrying the hinges of the type bar P or Q nearer toward the platen by the distance between the two type characters 19, '19, or q, q so that when the shifting key, is depressed and one of the type keys is struck, the inner type character as 19', will come to the printing point instead of the outer one as p, and as the shifting mechanism is worked before the type key is struck, the type character does not move upon the ribbon, but the right one strikes it and is off again before the shifting mechanism has relaxed.

T, is an ink ribbon wound on spools T, T, mounted on studs T T on the pillars A ,A above the'platen connected with each ribbon spool is a ratchet wheel T and connected with each pillar A and adjacent to the spool and ratchet is a bracket T, which I make of sheet metal, in which is a spring catch T engaging with the ratchet wheel to prevent backward motion.

U, is a ribbon movement bar (see Fig. 5) extending across the machine above the key levers and in the rear of their fulcrum pieces and hinged by the arms U, U, to either side of the frame, so as to be lifted a short distance by each key lever when the key is struck.

To the ribbon bar U, is attached a lug U in which the thrust link U has a bearing. (See Fig. 9.) I prefer to make this thrust link U with a trunnion at each end, and I connect the upper end to a clamp arm U held by means of the nut a and screw a rigidly to the ribbon rock shaft U U is a swing arm which may be held to the clamp arm U", by the screw u, extending upward in rear of the platen and carrying at its forked upper end the ribbon guide loops U U this part of the mechanism I call the ribbon vibrating mechanism, and it is constructed and arranged to operate as follows: When the keys are raised, the guide lod'ps U U with the ribbon, are in a plane a little above the platen and in rear of or away from the line of the printing point on the platen, as shown in Fig. 9, but when any key is struck, the rear end of the key lever is raised, raising the ribbon movement bar U, rocking the shaft U swinging the arm U, through a small arc and vibrating the loops U U forward over the platen so that one loop shall be either side of the'printing point and the ribbon be directly over the printing point and between the type character and the paper at the instant of type impression, and immediately receding when the finger key is released and the type begins to recede; thus an unobstructed view of the line printed and of every letter on it is presented to the operator all the time, and the vibration of the ribbon is secured in the best possible'direction, with the least possible slack and with certainty of action.

I connect the ribbon feeding mechanism with the same ribbon movement bar U, and

rock shaft U as follows: The rock shaft U extends at either end a little beyond and outside of the pillar A as shown in Fig. 3, and on or near each end of this rock shaft U I secure a short arm U Above the rock shaft and parallel with it across the frame I place a shifting bar U held by a slot in it and a screwU to the pillar A so as to be capable of a short movement to right or left, and by the aid of the small spring detent a, I hold this bar in either the right hand or the left hand position. A pawl U is held freely in the bracket T and in the shift bar U and is aided to operate by the small spiral spring a so that when the shift bar U, is in its left hand position as shown in Fig. 3, the bottom end is not over the rock arm U and the upper end is not engaged with the teeth of the.

ratchet T but is swung ed by action against the fulcrum pin 15 shown in Fig. 3, from the ratchet and against the spring catch T also out of engagement with the ratchet T so that when the shift bar is in this position the shaft U does not operate the right hand pawl and ribbon spool, and the right hand ribbon spool is not prevented from turning toward the right or unwinding; and now, on the left side of the machine the corresponding mechanism being constructed and arranged exactly the same as has just been described for the right hand side, the lower end of the pawl U rests over the rock arm U as shown at the left hand in Fig. 1, and the upper end of the pawl U is free from the catch T and both it and the catch are in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet T so that when the rock shaft U is operated by the upward movement of the ribbon movement bar U, the rock arm or pawl pusher U communicates an upward push to the pawl U rotates the ratchet T and the spool T, connected therewith through a small arc, the spring catch T riding over the teeth of the ratchet and thus preventing its backward motion, and the right hand spool being free to unwind the ribbon T, is drawn for a slight distance toward the left from the printing point and a fresh surface ofiered to the type asit strikes. It will now be obvious that when the shift bar U, is drawn to its right hand position -the right hand ribbon spool will be operated in a similar manner and the left hand spool is left to unwind and the ribbon be moved in the opposite direction.

. W, is a secondary space bar, or an escapement stop trip bar, hinged by the arms W, W, to the sides of the frame and extending across and above all the key levers in the rear of their fulcrum pieces and of the escapement mechanism; the lower edge of this bar is constructed with depressions and projections, some of which projections rest upon some of the key levers when those levers, and therefore the bar, are advanced. Some of these projections on the bar W, (Fig. 9) are shorter and some longer; when ashort one is struck by a key lever which is situated beneath it the bar is raised less, and when a long one is struck the bar is raised more, as their respective keys are operated, and the bar may have notches or depressions as w over some of the key levers so that when these key levers are operated the bar W, will not be raised at all. With such construction there may be more than two such stops as W W, for variable spacing than I have shown here.

W is a stop carrier pivoted at W, to the stop lug A (as shown best in Fig. 9) and having a trip arm 10 extending backward over and upon the bar W. On this stop carrier W are movable stops as W, W (shown in Fig. 11) of which I only show these two although another one or more maybe added if desired, in case of different spacing being required (as will be readily understood by any one familiar with the art and with this description) and the lower stop 7*, 1s placed a little nearer the front of the machine or farther from the bar W, and the upper stop is placed a little in the rear out of the vertical line through the stop W, and both are arranged so that the stop W being the upper one or short stop, is directly beneath the end of the escapement click bar L when the bar IV, is at rest at its lowest point and the arm w dropped upon it. When new a key lever as P (Fig. 9) is operated, it Will move in the depression 10, in the bar \V, and not stir the bar W, and through the othermechanism heretofore described the click bar L will be arrested by the short stop W and a short letter spacing be effected by the escapement mechanism. But when akey lever as P (Fig. 9) is operated it will raise the projection w, resting upon it, and so raise the bar W, and the arm 10*, swinging the stop carrier W and bringing the shortstop W, out of position and the long stop W, into position beneath the click bar L so that the click bar will not be stopped until it strikes the long stop W, and the long letter space will be effected by the escapement mechanism. It is obvious now how, if a shorter projection as 10 (Fig. 9) be used onthe bar WV, above the key lever as P, a less motion of the bar W, will be secured, and if an intermediate stop were placed between W and W an intermediate degree of space movement would be efiected by the same escapement mechanism.

L is a carriage release key at the right side of the machine on the rod L mounted in'a lug on the main beam A, and in the stop lug A and which has a spiral spring L, between the key L and-the lug, tending to keep the key L to the right, and its red L ,-out of contact with the click L When the keyL is pressed toward the left, the left end of the rod- L is thereby pushed against the forked end of the click L, holding it out of engagement with the ratchet wheel and allowing the carriage to slide back to the left.

It is obvious that modifications may be made in the form and arrangement of the parts herein shown and described without departing from the substance of myv invention, and I do not mean to limit myself precisely to the construction shown in this machine.

What I claim is 1. In a typewriter, the combination of the adjustable pointer F,-'the rod F, attached to the main frame, and the spring locking arm F substantially as described.

2. In a typewriter, the combination of the bell and pivoted striker fixed upon the frame,

with the carriage and an adjustable clamp mounted upon the carriage and provided with an arm H carrying a pivoted cam H arranged to engage the striker as the carriage moves, substantially as described.

3. The combination with the carriage, its rack, and a pinion meshing with the rack, of a ratchet wheel, a stud supporting the pinion and ratchet wheel, a'pawl carrying arm pivoted on the stud, a pawl, on the arm engaging with the ratchet teeth, a trip bar arranged to disengage the pawl from the ratchet, and movable stops operated from the key levers for limiting the movement of the pawl carrier, substantially as described.

/ 4. The combination with a series of key levers and a variable spacing mechanism having a movable pawl and pawl carrier, of a variable space bar, as 0 constructed to give a variable movement to the pawl carrier, and

movable stops for variably moving the limit of the pawl carrier, and a connection between said stops and the secondary space bar, substantially as described.

6. The combination with the ribbon spools and their ratchet wheels, of holding pawls for the ratchet wheels, moving pawls therefor, a rock shaft having rocker arms and means for swinging the moving pawls to bring them alternately into engagement with the rocker arms, substantially as described.

7. The combination with the ribbon spool and its ratchet wheel, of a spring hold ng pawl, and a moving pawl constructed to slide longitudinally and to vibrate toward and away from the ratchet wheel, said moving pawl being arranged between the holding pawl and the ratchet wheel whereby when the moving pawl is disengaged from the wheel the holding pawl will be held out of engagement, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a carriage, of a pivoted lever connected thereto, a power arm pivoted at one end to the lever and sliding at the other end in a perforation in the main frame, and a main spring upon the power arm between the main frame and an abutment upon saidarm, substantially as descr bed.

9. The combination with the carriage, of a lever connected to the carriage, a power arm pivoted to the lever at one end and guided in the perforation of the main frame at the other, a main spring upon said power arm and means for adjusting the tension* of said main spring, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' JAMES S. COPELAND. Witnesses:

ALBERT P. DAY,

0. F. SEELEY. 

